使用 Rust 在 Solana 區塊鏈開發鏈上程式（二）：履約保證

Solana
, , , , ,

前言

本文為「Solana 開發者的入門指南」影片的學習筆記。

建立專案

使用 cargo 指令，初始化一個 solana-escrow 專案。

1
cargo new solana-escrow --lib

進到專案。

1
cd solana-escrow

實作後端

更新 Cargo.toml 檔。

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
[package]
name = "solana-escrow"
version = "0.1.0"
edition = "2018"
license = "WTFPL"
publish = false

[dependencies]
solana-program = "1.6.9"
thiserror = "1.0.24"
spl-token = {version = "3.1.1", features = ["no-entrypoint"]}
arrayref = "0.3.6"

[lib]
crate-type = ["cdylib", "lib"]

新增主要模組如下：

1
2
3
4
5
touch src/entrypoint.rs \
touch src/error.rs \
touch src/instruction.rs \
touch src/processor.rs \
touch src/state.rs

更新 lib.rs 檔如下：

1
2
3
4
5
pub mod entrypoint;
pub mod error;
pub mod instruction;
pub mod processor;
pub mod state;

更新 instruction.rs 檔，新增 InitEscrow 到列舉中。

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
use std::convert::TryInto;
use solana_program::program_error::ProgramError;
use crate::error::EscrowError::InvalidInstruction;

pub enum EscrowInstruction {
    /// Starts the trade by creating and populating an escrow account and transferring ownership of the given temp token account to the PDA
    ///
    ///
    /// Accounts expected:
    ///
    /// 0. `[signer]` The account of the person initializing the escrow
    /// 1. `[writable]` Temporary token account that should be created prior to this instruction and owned by the initializer
    /// 2. `[]` The initializer's token account for the token they will receive should the trade go through
    /// 3. `[writable]` The escrow account, it will hold all necessary info about the trade.
    /// 4. `[]` The rent sysvar
    /// 5. `[]` The token program
    InitEscrow {
        /// The amount party A expects to receive of token Y
        amount: u64
    }
}

impl EscrowInstruction {
    /// Unpacks a byte buffer into a [EscrowInstruction](enum.EscrowInstruction.html).
    pub fn unpack(input: &[u8]) -> Result<Self, ProgramError> {
        let (tag, rest) = input.split_first().ok_or(InvalidInstruction)?;

        Ok(match tag {
            0 => Self::InitEscrow {
                amount: Self::unpack_amount(rest)?,
            },
            _ => return Err(InvalidInstruction.into()),
        })
    }

    fn unpack_amount(input: &[u8]) -> Result<u64, ProgramError> {
        let amount = input
            .get(..8)
            .and_then(|slice| slice.try_into().ok())
            .map(u64::from_le_bytes)
            .ok_or(InvalidInstruction)?;
        Ok(amount)
    }
}

更新 error.rs 檔。

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
use thiserror::Error;
use solana_program::program_error::ProgramError;

#[derive(Error, Debug, Copy, Clone)]
pub enum EscrowError {
    /// Invalid instruction
    #[error("Invalid Instruction")]
    InvalidInstruction,
    /// Not Rent Exempt
    #[error("Not Rent Exempt")]
    NotRentExempt,
}

impl From<EscrowError> for ProgramError {
    fn from(e: EscrowError) -> Self {
        ProgramError::Custom(e as u32)
    }
}

更新 processor.rs 檔，尚未實作完全：

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
use solana_program::{
    account_info::{next_account_info, AccountInfo},
    entrypoint::ProgramResult,
    program_error::ProgramError,
    msg,
    pubkey::Pubkey,
    program_pack::{Pack, IsInitialized},
    sysvar::{rent::Rent, Sysvar},
    program::invoke
};

use crate::{instruction::EscrowInstruction, error::EscrowError, state::Escrow};

pub struct Processor;
impl Processor {
    // entrypoint
    pub fn process(program_id: &Pubkey, accounts: &[AccountInfo], instruction_data: &[u8]) -> ProgramResult {
        let instruction = EscrowInstruction::unpack(instruction_data)?;

        match instruction {
            EscrowInstruction::InitEscrow { amount } => {
                msg!("Instruction: InitEscrow");
                Self::process_init_escrow(accounts, amount, program_id)
            }
        }
    }

    fn process_init_escrow(
        accounts: &[AccountInfo],
        amount: u64,
        program_id: &Pubkey,
    ) -> ProgramResult {
        let account_info_iter = &mut accounts.iter();
        let initializer = next_account_info(account_info_iter)?;

        if !initializer.is_signer {
            return Err(ProgramError::MissingRequiredSignature);
        }

        let temp_token_account = next_account_info(account_info_iter)?;

        let token_to_receive_account = next_account_info(account_info_iter)?;
        if *token_to_receive_account.owner != spl_token::id() {
            return Err(ProgramError::IncorrectProgramId);
        }
        
        let escrow_account = next_account_info(account_info_iter)?;
        let rent = &Rent::from_account_info(next_account_info(account_info_iter)?)?;

        if !rent.is_exempt(escrow_account.lamports(), escrow_account.data_len()) {
            return Err(EscrowError::NotRentExempt.into());
        }

        let mut escrow_info = Escrow::unpack_unchecked(&escrow_account.data.borrow())?;
        if escrow_info.is_initialized() {
            return Err(ProgramError::AccountAlreadyInitialized);
        }

        Ok(())
    }
}

更新 state.rs 檔。

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
use solana_program::{
    program_pack::{IsInitialized, Pack, Sealed},
    program_error::ProgramError,
    pubkey::Pubkey,
};

use arrayref::{array_mut_ref, array_ref, array_refs, mut_array_refs};

pub struct Escrow {
    pub is_initialized: bool,
    pub initializer_pubkey: Pubkey,
    pub temp_token_account_pubkey: Pubkey,
    pub initializer_token_to_receive_account_pubkey: Pubkey,
    pub expected_amount: u64,
}

impl Sealed for Escrow {}

impl IsInitialized for Escrow {
    fn is_initialized(&self) -> bool {
        self.is_initialized
    }
}

impl Pack for Escrow {
    const LEN: usize = 105;
    fn unpack_from_slice(src: &[u8]) -> Result<Self, ProgramError> {
        let src = array_ref![src, 0, Escrow::LEN];
        let (
            is_initialized,
            initializer_pubkey,
            temp_token_account_pubkey,
            initializer_token_to_receive_account_pubkey,
            expected_amount,
        ) = array_refs![src, 1, 32, 32, 32, 8];
        let is_initialized = match is_initialized {
            [0] => false,
            [1] => true,
            _ => return Err(ProgramError::InvalidAccountData),
        };

        Ok(Escrow {
            is_initialized,
            initializer_pubkey: Pubkey::new_from_array(*initializer_pubkey),
            temp_token_account_pubkey: Pubkey::new_from_array(*temp_token_account_pubkey),
            initializer_token_to_receive_account_pubkey: Pubkey::new_from_array(*initializer_token_to_receive_account_pubkey),
            expected_amount: u64::from_le_bytes(*expected_amount),
        })
    }

    fn pack_into_slice(&self, dst: &mut [u8]) {
        let dst = array_mut_ref![dst, 0, Escrow::LEN];
        let (
            is_initialized_dst,
            initializer_pubkey_dst,
            temp_token_account_pubkey_dst,
            initializer_token_to_receive_account_pubkey_dst,
            expected_amount_dst,
        ) = mut_array_refs![dst, 1, 32, 32, 32, 8];

        let Escrow {
            is_initialized,
            initializer_pubkey,
            temp_token_account_pubkey,
            initializer_token_to_receive_account_pubkey,
            expected_amount,
        } = self;

        is_initialized_dst[0] = *is_initialized as u8;
        initializer_pubkey_dst.copy_from_slice(initializer_pubkey.as_ref());
        temp_token_account_pubkey_dst.copy_from_slice(temp_token_account_pubkey.as_ref());
        initializer_token_to_receive_account_pubkey_dst.copy_from_slice(initializer_token_to_receive_account_pubkey.as_ref());
        *expected_amount_dst = expected_amount.to_le_bytes();
    }
}

更新 processor.rs 檔，完成實作：

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
use solana_program::{
    account_info::{next_account_info, AccountInfo},
    entrypoint::ProgramResult,
    program_error::ProgramError,
    msg,
    pubkey::Pubkey,
    program_pack::{Pack, IsInitialized},
    sysvar::{rent::Rent, Sysvar},
    program::invoke
};

use crate::{instruction::EscrowInstruction, error::EscrowError, state::Escrow};

pub struct Processor;
impl Processor {
    pub fn process(program_id: &Pubkey, accounts: &[AccountInfo], instruction_data: &[u8]) -> ProgramResult {
        let instruction = EscrowInstruction::unpack(instruction_data)?;

        match instruction {
            EscrowInstruction::InitEscrow { amount } => {
                msg!("Instruction: InitEscrow");
                Self::process_init_escrow(accounts, amount, program_id)
            }
        }
    }

    fn process_init_escrow(
        accounts: &[AccountInfo],
        amount: u64,
        program_id: &Pubkey,
    ) -> ProgramResult {
        let account_info_iter = &mut accounts.iter();
        let initializer = next_account_info(account_info_iter)?;

        if !initializer.is_signer {
            return Err(ProgramError::MissingRequiredSignature);
        }

        let temp_token_account = next_account_info(account_info_iter)?;

        let token_to_receive_account = next_account_info(account_info_iter)?;
        if *token_to_receive_account.owner != spl_token::id() {
            return Err(ProgramError::IncorrectProgramId);
        }
        
        let escrow_account = next_account_info(account_info_iter)?;
        let rent = &Rent::from_account_info(next_account_info(account_info_iter)?)?;

        if !rent.is_exempt(escrow_account.lamports(), escrow_account.data_len()) {
            return Err(EscrowError::NotRentExempt.into());
        }

        let mut escrow_info = Escrow::unpack_unchecked(&escrow_account.data.borrow())?;
        if escrow_info.is_initialized() {
            return Err(ProgramError::AccountAlreadyInitialized);
        }

        escrow_info.is_initialized = true;
        escrow_info.initializer_pubkey = *initializer.key;
        escrow_info.temp_token_account_pubkey = *temp_token_account.key;
        escrow_info.initializer_token_to_receive_account_pubkey = *token_to_receive_account.key;
        escrow_info.expected_amount = amount;

        Escrow::pack(escrow_info, &mut escrow_account.data.borrow_mut())?;

        let (pda, _bump_seed) = Pubkey::find_program_address(&[b"escrow"], program_id);

        let token_program = next_account_info(account_info_iter)?;
        let owner_change_ix = spl_token::instruction::set_authority(
            token_program.key,
            temp_token_account.key,
            Some(&pda),
            spl_token::instruction::AuthorityType::AccountOwner,
            initializer.key,
            &[&initializer.key],
        )?;

        msg!("Calling the token program to transfer token account ownership...");
        invoke(
            &owner_change_ix,
            &[
                temp_token_account.clone(),
                initializer.clone(),
                token_program.clone(),
            ],
        )?;

        Ok(())
    }
}

更新 entrypoint.rs 檔。

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
use solana_program::{
    account_info::AccountInfo, entrypoint, entrypoint::ProgramResult, pubkey::Pubkey
};

use crate::processor::Processor;

entrypoint!(process_instruction);
fn process_instruction(
    program_id: &Pubkey,
    accounts: &[AccountInfo],
    instruction_data: &[u8],
) -> ProgramResult {
    Processor::process(program_id, accounts, instruction_data)
}

試著使用 cargo 指令進行編譯。

1
cargo build-bpf

更新 instruction.rs 檔，新增 Exchange 到列舉中。

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
use crate::error::EscrowError::InvalidInstruction;
use solana_program::program_error::ProgramError;
use std::convert::TryInto;

pub enum EscrowInstruction {
    /// Starts the trade by creating and populating an escrow account and transferring ownership of the given temp token account to the PDA
    ///
    ///
    /// Accounts expected:
    ///
    /// 0. `[signer]` The account of the person initializing the escrow
    /// 1. `[writable]` Temporary token account that should be created prior to this instruction and owned by the initializer
    /// 2. `[]` The initializer's token account for the token they will receive should the trade go through
    /// 3. `[writable]` The escrow account, it will hold all necessary info about the trade.
    /// 4. `[]` The rent sysvar
    /// 5. `[]` The token program
    InitEscrow {
        /// The amount party A expects to receive of token Y
        amount: u64,
    },

    /// Accepts a trade
    ///
    ///
    /// Accounts expected:
    ///
    /// 0. `[signer]` The account of the person taking the trade
    /// 1. `[writable]` The taker's token account for the token they send
    /// 2. `[writable]` The taker's token account for the token they will receive should the trade go through
    /// 3. `[writable]` The PDA's temp token account to get tokens from and eventually close
    /// 4. `[writable]` The initializer's main account to send their rent fees to
    /// 5. `[writable]` The initializer's token account that will receive tokens
    /// 6. `[writable]` The escrow account holding the escrow info
    /// 7. `[]` The token program
    /// 8. `[]` The PDA account
    Exchange {
        /// the amount the taker expects to be paid in the other token, as a u64 because that's the max possible supply of a token
        amount: u64,
    },
}

impl EscrowInstruction {
    /// Unpacks a byte buffer into a [EscrowInstruction](enum.EscrowInstruction.html).
    pub fn unpack(input: &[u8]) -> Result<Self, ProgramError> {
        let (tag, rest) = input.split_first().ok_or(InvalidInstruction)?;

        Ok(match tag {
            0 => Self::InitEscrow {
                amount: Self::unpack_amount(rest)?,
            },
            1 => Self::Exchange {
                amount: Self::unpack_amount(rest)?,
            },
            _ => return Err(InvalidInstruction.into()),
        })
    }

    fn unpack_amount(input: &[u8]) -> Result<u64, ProgramError> {
        let amount = input
            .get(..8)
            .and_then(|slice| slice.try_into().ok())
            .map(u64::from_le_bytes)
            .ok_or(InvalidInstruction)?;
        Ok(amount)
    }
}

更新 processor.rs 檔。

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
143
144
145
146
147
148
149
150
151
152
153
154
155
156
157
158
159
160
161
162
163
164
165
166
167
168
169
170
171
172
173
174
175
176
177
178
179
180
181
182
183
184
185
186
187
188
189
190
191
192
193
194
195
196
197
198
199
200
201
202
203
204
205
206
207
208
209
210
211
use solana_program::{
    account_info::{next_account_info, AccountInfo},
    entrypoint::ProgramResult,
    msg,
    program::{invoke, invoke_signed},
    program_error::ProgramError,
    program_pack::{IsInitialized, Pack},
    pubkey::Pubkey,
    sysvar::{rent::Rent, Sysvar},
};

use spl_token::state::Account as TokenAccount;

use crate::{instruction::EscrowInstruction, error::EscrowError, state::Escrow};

pub struct Processor;
impl Processor {
    pub fn process(program_id: &Pubkey, accounts: &[AccountInfo], instruction_data: &[u8]) -> ProgramResult {
        let instruction = EscrowInstruction::unpack(instruction_data)?;

        match instruction {
            EscrowInstruction::InitEscrow { amount } => {
                msg!("Instruction: InitEscrow");
                Self::process_init_escrow(accounts, amount, program_id)
            }
            EscrowInstruction::Exchange { amount } => {
                msg!("Instruction: Exchange");
                Self::process_exchange(accounts, amount, program_id)
            }
        }
    }

    fn process_init_escrow(
        accounts: &[AccountInfo],
        amount: u64,
        program_id: &Pubkey,
    ) -> ProgramResult {
        let account_info_iter = &mut accounts.iter();
        let initializer = next_account_info(account_info_iter)?;

        if !initializer.is_signer {
            return Err(ProgramError::MissingRequiredSignature);
        }

        let temp_token_account = next_account_info(account_info_iter)?;

        let token_to_receive_account = next_account_info(account_info_iter)?;
        if *token_to_receive_account.owner != spl_token::id() {
            return Err(ProgramError::IncorrectProgramId);
        }
        
        let escrow_account = next_account_info(account_info_iter)?;
        let rent = &Rent::from_account_info(next_account_info(account_info_iter)?)?;

        if !rent.is_exempt(escrow_account.lamports(), escrow_account.data_len()) {
            return Err(EscrowError::NotRentExempt.into());
        }

        let mut escrow_info = Escrow::unpack_unchecked(&escrow_account.data.borrow())?;
        if escrow_info.is_initialized() {
            return Err(ProgramError::AccountAlreadyInitialized);
        }

        escrow_info.is_initialized = true;
        escrow_info.initializer_pubkey = *initializer.key;
        escrow_info.temp_token_account_pubkey = *temp_token_account.key;
        escrow_info.initializer_token_to_receive_account_pubkey = *token_to_receive_account.key;
        escrow_info.expected_amount = amount;

        Escrow::pack(escrow_info, &mut escrow_account.data.borrow_mut())?;

        let (pda, _bump_seed) = Pubkey::find_program_address(&[b"escrow"], program_id);

        let token_program = next_account_info(account_info_iter)?;
        let owner_change_ix = spl_token::instruction::set_authority(
            token_program.key,
            temp_token_account.key,
            Some(&pda),
            spl_token::instruction::AuthorityType::AccountOwner,
            initializer.key,
            &[&initializer.key],
        )?;

        msg!("Calling the token program to transfer token account ownership...");
        invoke(
            &owner_change_ix,
            &[
                temp_token_account.clone(),
                initializer.clone(),
                token_program.clone(),
            ],
        )?;

        Ok(())
    }
    
    fn process_exchange(
        accounts: &[AccountInfo],
        amount_expected_by_taker: u64,
        program_id: &Pubkey,
    ) -> ProgramResult {
        let account_info_iter = &mut accounts.iter();
        let taker = next_account_info(account_info_iter)?;

        if !taker.is_signer {
            return Err(ProgramError::MissingRequiredSignature);
        }

        let takers_sending_token_account = next_account_info(account_info_iter)?;

        let takers_token_to_receive_account = next_account_info(account_info_iter)?;

        let pdas_temp_token_account = next_account_info(account_info_iter)?;
        let pdas_temp_token_account_info =
            TokenAccount::unpack(&pdas_temp_token_account.data.borrow())?;
        let (pda, bump_seed) = Pubkey::find_program_address(&[b"escrow"], program_id);

        if amount_expected_by_taker != pdas_temp_token_account_info.amount {
            return Err(EscrowError::ExpectedAmountMismatch.into());
        }

        let initializers_main_account = next_account_info(account_info_iter)?;
        let initializers_token_to_receive_account = next_account_info(account_info_iter)?;
        let escrow_account = next_account_info(account_info_iter)?;

        let escrow_info = Escrow::unpack(&escrow_account.data.borrow())?;

        if escrow_info.temp_token_account_pubkey != *pdas_temp_token_account.key {
            return Err(ProgramError::InvalidAccountData);
        }

        if escrow_info.initializer_pubkey != *initializers_main_account.key {
            return Err(ProgramError::InvalidAccountData);
        }

        if escrow_info.initializer_token_to_receive_account_pubkey != *initializers_token_to_receive_account.key {
            return Err(ProgramError::InvalidAccountData);
        }

        let token_program = next_account_info(account_info_iter)?;

        let transfer_to_initializer_ix = spl_token::instruction::transfer(
            token_program.key,
            takers_sending_token_account.key,
            initializers_token_to_receive_account.key,
            taker.key,
            &[&taker.key],
            escrow_info.expected_amount,
        )?;
        msg!("Calling the token program to transfer tokens to the escrow's initializer...");
        invoke(
            &transfer_to_initializer_ix,
            &[
                takers_sending_token_account.clone(),
                initializers_token_to_receive_account.clone(),
                taker.clone(),
                token_program.clone(),
            ],
        )?;

        let pda_account = next_account_info(account_info_iter)?;

        let transfer_to_taker_ix = spl_token::instruction::transfer(
            token_program.key,
            pdas_temp_token_account.key,
            takers_token_to_receive_account.key,
            &pda,
            &[&pda],
            pdas_temp_token_account_info.amount,
        )?;
        msg!("Calling the token program to transfer tokens to the taker...");
        invoke_signed(
            &transfer_to_taker_ix,
            &[
                pdas_temp_token_account.clone(),
                takers_token_to_receive_account.clone(),
                pda_account.clone(),
                token_program.clone(),
            ],
            &[&[&b"escrow"[..], &[bump_seed]]],
        )?;

        let close_pdas_temp_acc_ix = spl_token::instruction::close_account(
            token_program.key,
            pdas_temp_token_account.key,
            initializers_main_account.key,
            &pda,
            &[&pda]
        )?;
        msg!("Calling the token program to close pda's temp account...");
        invoke_signed(
            &close_pdas_temp_acc_ix,
            &[
                pdas_temp_token_account.clone(),
                initializers_main_account.clone(),
                pda_account.clone(),
                token_program.clone(),
            ],
            &[&[&b"escrow"[..], &[bump_seed]]],
        )?;

        msg!("Closing the escrow account...");
        **initializers_main_account.lamports.borrow_mut() = initializers_main_account.lamports()
        .checked_add(escrow_account.lamports())
        .ok_or(EscrowError::AmountOverflow)?;
        **escrow_account.lamports.borrow_mut() = 0;
        *escrow_account.data.borrow_mut() = &mut [];

        Ok(())
    }
}

更新 error.rs 檔。

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
use solana_program::program_error::ProgramError;
use thiserror::Error;

#[derive(Error, Debug, Copy, Clone)]
pub enum EscrowError {
    /// Invalid instruction
    #[error("Invalid Instruction")]
    InvalidInstruction,
    /// Not Rent Exempt
    #[error("Not Rent Exempt")]
    NotRentExempt,
    /// Expected Amount Mismatch
    #[error("Expected Amount Mismatch")]
    ExpectedAmountMismatch,
    /// Amount Overflow
    #[error("Amount Overflow")]
    AmountOverflow,
}

impl From<EscrowError> for ProgramError {
    fn from(e: EscrowError) -> Self {
        ProgramError::Custom(e as u32)
    }
}

試著使用 cargo 指令進行編譯。

1
cargo build-bpf

啟動節點

開啟一個新的終端視窗，使用 solana-test-validator 指令，啟動一個本地的 Solana 節點。

1
solana-test-validator

更新 .gitignore 檔。

1
2
3
/target
/Cargo.lock
/test-ledger

建立公私鑰

新增 keys 資料夾及相關檔案。

1
2
3
4
5
mkdir keys &&
touch keys/id_pub.json \
touch keys/alice_pub.json \
touch keys/bob_pub.json \
touch keys/program_pub.json

使用 solana-keygen 指令為程式建立一組公私鑰。

1
solana-keygen new -o keys/id.json

使用以下指令印出公鑰。

1
solana address -k keys/id.json

將公鑰手動複製到 id_pub.json 檔：

1
"9rRRFELbLfWuxSeCsDeqSd9Lv6Bhv7xhGoKyBkfMU74Z"

使用 solana-keygen 指令使用者 Alice 建立一組公私鑰。

1
solana-keygen new -o keys/alice.json

使用以下指令印出公鑰。

1
solana address -k keys/alice.json

將公鑰手動複製到 alice_pub.json 檔：

1
"HTt2B7bWXfiTAY2z2TLvKPyRJMM7BTZ5yZcHAXf6Dmnk"

使用 solana-keygen 指令使用者 Bob 建立一組公私鑰。

1
solana-keygen new -o keys/bob.json

使用以下指令印出公鑰。

1
solana address -k keys/bob.json

將公鑰手動複製到 bob_pub.json 檔：

1
"CYHvpgywtnbwzdSGYX29fPnMG46EijQbSXrit6wXqfR6"

實作前端

使用 npm 指令初始化專案。

1
npm init -y

安裝依賴套件。

1
npm install --save @solana/spl-token@0.1.8 @solana/web3.js @types/bn.js

安裝 TypeScript。

1
npm install -g typescript

使用 tsc 指令初始化專案。

1
tsc --init

更新 .gitignore 檔。

1
2
3
4
/target
/Cargo.lock
/test-ledger
/node_modules

新增 ts 資料夾及相關檔案。

1
2
3
4
5
mkdir ts &&
touch ts/setup.ts \
touch ts/utils.ts \
touch ts/alice.ts \
touch ts/bob.ts

修改 utils.ts 檔。

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
import {
  Connection,
  LAMPORTS_PER_SOL,
  PublicKey,
  Signer,
} from "@solana/web3.js";

import { Token, TOKEN_PROGRAM_ID } from "@solana/spl-token";
import {
  getKeypair,
  getPublicKey,
  getTokenBalance,
  writePublicKey,
} from "./utils";

const createMint = (
  connection: Connection,
  { publicKey, secretKey }: Signer
) => {
  return Token.createMint(
    connection,
    {
      publicKey,
      secretKey,
    },
    publicKey,
    null,
    0,
    TOKEN_PROGRAM_ID
  );
};

const setupMint = async (
  name: string,
  connection: Connection,
  alicePublicKey: PublicKey,
  bobPublicKey: PublicKey,
  clientKeypair: Signer
): Promise<[Token, PublicKey, PublicKey]> => {
  console.log(`Creating Mint ${name}...`);
  const mint = await createMint(connection, clientKeypair);
  writePublicKey(mint.publicKey, `mint_${name.toLowerCase()}`);

  console.log(`Creating Alice TokenAccount for ${name}...`);
  const aliceTokenAccount = await mint.createAccount(alicePublicKey);
  writePublicKey(aliceTokenAccount, `alice_${name.toLowerCase()}`);

  console.log(`Creating Bob TokenAccount for ${name}...`);
  const bobTokenAccount = await mint.createAccount(bobPublicKey);
  writePublicKey(bobTokenAccount, `bob_${name.toLowerCase()}`);

  return [mint, aliceTokenAccount, bobTokenAccount];
};

const setup = async () => {
  const alicePublicKey = getPublicKey("alice");
  const bobPublicKey = getPublicKey("bob");
  const clientKeypair = getKeypair("id");

  const connection = new Connection("http://localhost:8899", "confirmed");
  console.log("Requesting SOL for Alice...");
  // some networks like the local network provide an airdrop function (mainnet of course does not)
  await connection.requestAirdrop(alicePublicKey, LAMPORTS_PER_SOL * 10);
  console.log("Requesting SOL for Bob...");
  await connection.requestAirdrop(bobPublicKey, LAMPORTS_PER_SOL * 10);
  console.log("Requesting SOL for Client...");
  await connection.requestAirdrop(
    clientKeypair.publicKey,
    LAMPORTS_PER_SOL * 10
  );

  const [mintX, aliceTokenAccountForX, bobTokenAccountForX] = await setupMint(
    "X",
    connection,
    alicePublicKey,
    bobPublicKey,
    clientKeypair
  );
  console.log("Sending 50X to Alice's X TokenAccount...");
  await mintX.mintTo(aliceTokenAccountForX, clientKeypair.publicKey, [], 50);

  const [mintY, aliceTokenAccountForY, bobTokenAccountForY] = await setupMint(
    "Y",
    connection,
    alicePublicKey,
    bobPublicKey,
    clientKeypair
  );
  console.log("Sending 50Y to Bob's Y TokenAccount...");
  await mintY.mintTo(bobTokenAccountForY, clientKeypair.publicKey, [], 50);

  console.log("✨Setup complete✨\n");
  console.table([
    {
      "Alice Token Account X": await getTokenBalance(
        aliceTokenAccountForX,
        connection
      ),
      "Alice Token Account Y": await getTokenBalance(
        aliceTokenAccountForY,
        connection
      ),
      "Bob Token Account X": await getTokenBalance(
        bobTokenAccountForX,
        connection
      ),
      "Bob Token Account Y": await getTokenBalance(
        bobTokenAccountForY,
        connection
      ),
    },
  ]);
  console.log("");
};

setup();

修改 setup.ts 檔。

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
import { Connection, Keypair, PublicKey } from "@solana/web3.js";
//@ts-expect-error missing types
import * as BufferLayout from "buffer-layout";

import * as fs from "fs";

export const logError = (msg: string) => {
  console.log(`\x1b[31m${msg}\x1b[0m`);
};

export const writePublicKey = (publicKey: PublicKey, name: string) => {
  fs.writeFileSync(
    `./keys/${name}_pub.json`,
    JSON.stringify(publicKey.toString())
  );
};

export const getPublicKey = (name: string) =>
  new PublicKey(
    JSON.parse(fs.readFileSync(`./keys/${name}_pub.json`) as unknown as string)
  );

export const getPrivateKey = (name: string) =>
  Uint8Array.from(
    JSON.parse(fs.readFileSync(`./keys/${name}.json`) as unknown as string)
  );

export const getKeypair = (name: string) =>
  new Keypair({
    publicKey: getPublicKey(name).toBytes(),
    secretKey: getPrivateKey(name),
  });

export const getProgramId = () => {
  try {
    return getPublicKey("program");
  } catch (e) {
    logError("Given programId is missing or incorrect");
    process.exit(1);
  }
};

export const getTerms = (): {
  aliceExpectedAmount: number;
  bobExpectedAmount: number;
} => {
  return JSON.parse(fs.readFileSync(`./terms.json`) as unknown as string);
};

export const getTokenBalance = async (
  pubkey: PublicKey,
  connection: Connection
) => {
  return parseInt(
    (await connection.getTokenAccountBalance(pubkey)).value.amount
  );
};

/**
 * Layout for a public key
 */
const publicKey = (property = "publicKey") => {
  return BufferLayout.blob(32, property);
};

/**
 * Layout for a 64bit unsigned value
 */
const uint64 = (property = "uint64") => {
  return BufferLayout.blob(8, property);
};

export const ESCROW_ACCOUNT_DATA_LAYOUT = BufferLayout.struct([
  BufferLayout.u8("isInitialized"),
  publicKey("initializerPubkey"),
  publicKey("initializerTempTokenAccountPubkey"),
  publicKey("initializerReceivingTokenAccountPubkey"),
  uint64("expectedAmount"),
]);

export interface EscrowLayout {
  isInitialized: number;
  initializerPubkey: Uint8Array;
  initializerReceivingTokenAccountPubkey: Uint8Array;
  initializerTempTokenAccountPubkey: Uint8Array;
  expectedAmount: Uint8Array;
}

修改 alice.ts 檔。

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
143
144
145
146
147
148
149
150
151
152
153
154
155
156
157
158
159
160
161
162
163
164
165
166
167
168
169
170
171
172
173
174
175
176
177
178
179
180
181
182
183
184
185
import { AccountLayout, Token, TOKEN_PROGRAM_ID } from "@solana/spl-token";
import {
  Connection,
  Keypair,
  PublicKey,
  SystemProgram,
  SYSVAR_RENT_PUBKEY,
  Transaction,
  TransactionInstruction,
} from "@solana/web3.js";
import BN = require("bn.js");
import {
  EscrowLayout,
  ESCROW_ACCOUNT_DATA_LAYOUT,
  getKeypair,
  getProgramId,
  getPublicKey,
  getTerms,
  getTokenBalance,
  logError,
  writePublicKey,
} from "./utils";

const alice = async () => {
  const escrowProgramId = getProgramId();
  const terms = getTerms();

  const aliceXTokenAccountPubkey = getPublicKey("alice_x");
  const aliceYTokenAccountPubkey = getPublicKey("alice_y");
  const XTokenMintPubkey = getPublicKey("mint_x");
  const aliceKeypair = getKeypair("alice");

  const tempXTokenAccountKeypair = new Keypair();
  const connection = new Connection("http://localhost:8899", "confirmed");
  const createTempTokenAccountIx = SystemProgram.createAccount({
    programId: TOKEN_PROGRAM_ID,
    space: AccountLayout.span,
    lamports: await connection.getMinimumBalanceForRentExemption(
      AccountLayout.span
    ),
    fromPubkey: aliceKeypair.publicKey,
    newAccountPubkey: tempXTokenAccountKeypair.publicKey,
  });
  const initTempAccountIx = Token.createInitAccountInstruction(
    TOKEN_PROGRAM_ID,
    XTokenMintPubkey,
    tempXTokenAccountKeypair.publicKey,
    aliceKeypair.publicKey
  );
  const transferXTokensToTempAccIx = Token.createTransferInstruction(
    TOKEN_PROGRAM_ID,
    aliceXTokenAccountPubkey,
    tempXTokenAccountKeypair.publicKey,
    aliceKeypair.publicKey,
    [],
    terms.bobExpectedAmount
  );
  const escrowKeypair = new Keypair();
  const createEscrowAccountIx = SystemProgram.createAccount({
    space: ESCROW_ACCOUNT_DATA_LAYOUT.span,
    lamports: await connection.getMinimumBalanceForRentExemption(
      ESCROW_ACCOUNT_DATA_LAYOUT.span
    ),
    fromPubkey: aliceKeypair.publicKey,
    newAccountPubkey: escrowKeypair.publicKey,
    programId: escrowProgramId,
  });
  const initEscrowIx = new TransactionInstruction({
    programId: escrowProgramId,
    keys: [
      { pubkey: aliceKeypair.publicKey, isSigner: true, isWritable: false },
      {
        pubkey: tempXTokenAccountKeypair.publicKey,
        isSigner: false,
        isWritable: true,
      },
      {
        pubkey: aliceYTokenAccountPubkey,
        isSigner: false,
        isWritable: false,
      },
      { pubkey: escrowKeypair.publicKey, isSigner: false, isWritable: true },
      { pubkey: SYSVAR_RENT_PUBKEY, isSigner: false, isWritable: false },
      { pubkey: TOKEN_PROGRAM_ID, isSigner: false, isWritable: false },
    ],
    data: Buffer.from(
      Uint8Array.of(0, ...new BN(terms.aliceExpectedAmount).toArray("le", 8))
    ),
  });

  const tx = new Transaction().add(
    createTempTokenAccountIx,
    initTempAccountIx,
    transferXTokensToTempAccIx,
    createEscrowAccountIx,
    initEscrowIx
  );
  console.log("Sending Alice's transaction...");
  await connection.sendTransaction(
    tx,
    [aliceKeypair, tempXTokenAccountKeypair, escrowKeypair],
    { skipPreflight: false, preflightCommitment: "confirmed" }
  );

  // sleep to allow time to update
  await new Promise((resolve) => setTimeout(resolve, 1000));

  const escrowAccount = await connection.getAccountInfo(
    escrowKeypair.publicKey
  );

  if (escrowAccount === null || escrowAccount.data.length === 0) {
    logError("Escrow state account has not been initialized properly");
    process.exit(1);
  }

  const encodedEscrowState = escrowAccount.data;
  const decodedEscrowState = ESCROW_ACCOUNT_DATA_LAYOUT.decode(
    encodedEscrowState
  ) as EscrowLayout;

  if (!decodedEscrowState.isInitialized) {
    logError("Escrow state initialization flag has not been set");
    process.exit(1);
  } else if (
    !new PublicKey(decodedEscrowState.initializerPubkey).equals(
      aliceKeypair.publicKey
    )
  ) {
    logError(
      "InitializerPubkey has not been set correctly / not been set to Alice's public key"
    );
    process.exit(1);
  } else if (
    !new PublicKey(
      decodedEscrowState.initializerReceivingTokenAccountPubkey
    ).equals(aliceYTokenAccountPubkey)
  ) {
    logError(
      "initializerReceivingTokenAccountPubkey has not been set correctly / not been set to Alice's Y public key"
    );
    process.exit(1);
  } else if (
    !new PublicKey(decodedEscrowState.initializerTempTokenAccountPubkey).equals(
      tempXTokenAccountKeypair.publicKey
    )
  ) {
    logError(
      "initializerTempTokenAccountPubkey has not been set correctly / not been set to temp X token account public key"
    );
    process.exit(1);
  }
  console.log(
    `✨Escrow successfully initialized. Alice is offering ${terms.bobExpectedAmount}X for ${terms.aliceExpectedAmount}Y✨\n`
  );
  writePublicKey(escrowKeypair.publicKey, "escrow");
  console.table([
    {
      "Alice Token Account X": await getTokenBalance(
        aliceXTokenAccountPubkey,
        connection
      ),
      "Alice Token Account Y": await getTokenBalance(
        aliceYTokenAccountPubkey,
        connection
      ),
      "Bob Token Account X": await getTokenBalance(
        getPublicKey("bob_x"),
        connection
      ),
      "Bob Token Account Y": await getTokenBalance(
        getPublicKey("bob_y"),
        connection
      ),
      "Temporary Token Account X": await getTokenBalance(
        tempXTokenAccountKeypair.publicKey,
        connection
      ),
    },
  ]);

  console.log("");
};

alice();

修改 bob.ts 檔。

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
143
144
145
146
147
148
149
150
151
152
153
154
155
156
157
158
159
160
161
162
163
164
165
166
167
168
import { TOKEN_PROGRAM_ID } from "@solana/spl-token";
import {
  Connection,
  PublicKey,
  Transaction,
  TransactionInstruction,
} from "@solana/web3.js";
import BN = require("bn.js");
import {
  EscrowLayout,
  ESCROW_ACCOUNT_DATA_LAYOUT,
  getKeypair,
  getProgramId,
  getPublicKey,
  getTerms,
  getTokenBalance,
  logError,
} from "./utils";

const bob = async () => {
  const bobKeypair = getKeypair("bob");
  const bobXTokenAccountPubkey = getPublicKey("bob_x");
  const bobYTokenAccountPubkey = getPublicKey("bob_y");
  const escrowStateAccountPubkey = getPublicKey("escrow");
  const escrowProgramId = getProgramId();
  const terms = getTerms();

  const connection = new Connection("http://localhost:8899", "confirmed");
  const escrowAccount = await connection.getAccountInfo(
    escrowStateAccountPubkey
  );
  if (escrowAccount === null) {
    logError("Could not find escrow at given address!");
    process.exit(1);
  }

  const encodedEscrowState = escrowAccount.data;
  const decodedEscrowLayout = ESCROW_ACCOUNT_DATA_LAYOUT.decode(
    encodedEscrowState
  ) as EscrowLayout;
  const escrowState = {
    escrowAccountPubkey: escrowStateAccountPubkey,
    isInitialized: !!decodedEscrowLayout.isInitialized,
    initializerAccountPubkey: new PublicKey(
      decodedEscrowLayout.initializerPubkey
    ),
    XTokenTempAccountPubkey: new PublicKey(
      decodedEscrowLayout.initializerTempTokenAccountPubkey
    ),
    initializerYTokenAccount: new PublicKey(
      decodedEscrowLayout.initializerReceivingTokenAccountPubkey
    ),
    expectedAmount: new BN(decodedEscrowLayout.expectedAmount, 10, "le"),
  };

  const PDA = await PublicKey.findProgramAddress(
    [Buffer.from("escrow")],
    escrowProgramId
  );

  const exchangeInstruction = new TransactionInstruction({
    programId: escrowProgramId,
    data: Buffer.from(
      Uint8Array.of(1, ...new BN(terms.bobExpectedAmount).toArray("le", 8))
    ),
    keys: [
      { pubkey: bobKeypair.publicKey, isSigner: true, isWritable: false },
      { pubkey: bobYTokenAccountPubkey, isSigner: false, isWritable: true },
      { pubkey: bobXTokenAccountPubkey, isSigner: false, isWritable: true },
      {
        pubkey: escrowState.XTokenTempAccountPubkey,
        isSigner: false,
        isWritable: true,
      },
      {
        pubkey: escrowState.initializerAccountPubkey,
        isSigner: false,
        isWritable: true,
      },
      {
        pubkey: escrowState.initializerYTokenAccount,
        isSigner: false,
        isWritable: true,
      },
      { pubkey: escrowStateAccountPubkey, isSigner: false, isWritable: true },
      { pubkey: TOKEN_PROGRAM_ID, isSigner: false, isWritable: false },
      { pubkey: PDA[0], isSigner: false, isWritable: false },
    ],
  });

  const aliceYTokenAccountPubkey = getPublicKey("alice_y");
  const [aliceYbalance, bobXbalance] = await Promise.all([
    getTokenBalance(aliceYTokenAccountPubkey, connection),
    getTokenBalance(bobXTokenAccountPubkey, connection),
  ]);

  console.log("Sending Bob's transaction...");
  await connection.sendTransaction(
    new Transaction().add(exchangeInstruction),
    [bobKeypair],
    { skipPreflight: false, preflightCommitment: "confirmed" }
  );

  // sleep to allow time to update
  await new Promise((resolve) => setTimeout(resolve, 1000));

  if ((await connection.getAccountInfo(escrowStateAccountPubkey)) !== null) {
    logError("Escrow account has not been closed");
    process.exit(1);
  }

  if (
    (await connection.getAccountInfo(escrowState.XTokenTempAccountPubkey)) !==
    null
  ) {
    logError("Temporary X token account has not been closed");
    process.exit(1);
  }

  const newAliceYbalance = await getTokenBalance(
    aliceYTokenAccountPubkey,
    connection
  );

  if (newAliceYbalance !== aliceYbalance + terms.aliceExpectedAmount) {
    logError(
      `Alice's Y balance should be ${
        aliceYbalance + terms.aliceExpectedAmount
      } but is ${newAliceYbalance}`
    );
    process.exit(1);
  }

  const newBobXbalance = await getTokenBalance(
    bobXTokenAccountPubkey,
    connection
  );

  if (newBobXbalance !== bobXbalance + terms.bobExpectedAmount) {
    logError(
      `Bob's X balance should be ${
        bobXbalance + terms.bobExpectedAmount
      } but is ${newBobXbalance}`
    );
    process.exit(1);
  }

  console.log(
    "✨Trade successfully executed. All temporary accounts closed✨\n"
  );
  console.table([
    {
      "Alice Token Account X": await getTokenBalance(
        getPublicKey("alice_x"),
        connection
      ),
      "Alice Token Account Y": newAliceYbalance,
      "Bob Token Account X": newBobXbalance,
      "Bob Token Account Y": await getTokenBalance(
        bobYTokenAccountPubkey,
        connection
      ),
    },
  ]);
  console.log("");
};

bob();

設置參數

新增 terms.json 檔。

1
touch terms.json

更新 terms.json 檔，設定使用者 Alice 與 Bob 各自期望的金額。

1
2
3
4
{
  "aliceExpectedAmount": 3,
  "bobExpectedAmount": 5
}

充值

使用以下指令為程式充值，以程式的公鑰做為目標。

1
solana transfer 9rRRFELbLfWuxSeCsDeqSd9Lv6Bhv7xhGoKyBkfMU74Z 100 --allow-unfunded-recipient

輸出結果如下：

1
Signature: mhqm5AA5v8a5KABCR9Poj68Ranzms8ahq47zhdN3uQetYck68H42N1NNyxLpAQbU8pBWziPEN1nZqbY6GeP3Ldc

部署

部署 solana_escrow 鏈上程式。

1
solana program deploy target/deploy/solana_escrow.so

輸出結果如下：

1
Program Id: FWwUWeewacUBg3tU6mT8xSCbkeLhTLves6VGJtFXaatj

將 Program ID 更新到 program_pub.json 檔：

1
"FWwUWeewacUBg3tU6mT8xSCbkeLhTLves6VGJtFXaatj"

執行腳本

使用 ts-node 指令執行 setup.ts 腳本。

1
ts-node ts/setup.ts

輸出結果如下：

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
Requesting SOL for Alice...
Requesting SOL for Bob...
Requesting SOL for Client...
Creating Mint X...
Creating Alice TokenAccount for X...
Creating Bob TokenAccount for X...
Sending 50X to Alice's X TokenAccount...
Creating Mint Y...
Creating Alice TokenAccount for Y...
Creating Bob TokenAccount for Y...
Sending 50Y to Bob's Y TokenAccount...
✨Setup complete✨

┌─────────┬───────────────────────┬───────────────────────┬─────────────────────┬─────────────────────┐
│ (index) │ Alice Token Account X │ Alice Token Account Y │ Bob Token Account X │ Bob Token Account Y │
├─────────┼───────────────────────┼───────────────────────┼─────────────────────┼─────────────────────┤
│    0    │          50           │           0           │          0          │         50          │
└─────────┴───────────────────────┴───────────────────────┴─────────────────────┴─────────────────────┘

使用 ts-node 指令執行 alice.ts 腳本。

1
ts-node ts/alice.ts

輸出結果如下：

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
Sending Alice's transaction...
✨Escrow successfully initialized. Alice is offering 5X for 3Y✨

┌─────────┬───────────────────────┬───────────────────────┬─────────────────────┬─────────────────────┬───────────────────────────┐
│ (index) │ Alice Token Account X │ Alice Token Account Y │ Bob Token Account X │ Bob Token Account Y │ Temporary Token Account X │
├─────────┼───────────────────────┼───────────────────────┼─────────────────────┼─────────────────────┼───────────────────────────┤
│    0    │          45           │           0           │          0          │         50          │             5             │
└─────────┴───────────────────────┴───────────────────────┴─────────────────────┴─────────────────────┴───────────────────────────┘

使用 ts-node 指令執行 bob.ts 腳本。

1
ts-node ts/bob.ts

輸出結果如下：

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
Sending Bob's transaction...
✨Trade successfully executed. All temporary accounts closed✨

┌─────────┬───────────────────────┬───────────────────────┬─────────────────────┬─────────────────────┐
│ (index) │ Alice Token Account X │ Alice Token Account Y │ Bob Token Account X │ Bob Token Account Y │
├─────────┼───────────────────────┼───────────────────────┼─────────────────────┼─────────────────────┤
│    0    │          45           │           3           │          5          │         47          │
└─────────┴───────────────────────┴───────────────────────┴─────────────────────┴─────────────────────┘

程式碼

參考資料