前置作業 PostgreSQL CLI 安裝 libpq
工具。
添加指令到環境變數。
1 echo 'export PATH="/usr/local/opt/libpq/bin:$PATH"' >> ~/.zshrc
Diesel CLI 安裝 diesel_cli
工具。
1 cargo install diesel_cli --no-default-features --features postgres
建立專案 建立專案。
1 2 cargo new diesel-example cd diesel-example
安裝依賴套件。
1 2 cargo add diesel --features postgres cargo add dotenvy
新增 .env
檔。
1 DATABASE_URL=postgres://postgres:root@127.0.0.1/posts
使用 diesel
指令初始化,以建立 posts
資料庫和預設的遷移資料表。
建立遷移 建立 posts
資料表。
1 diesel migration generate create_posts
修改 migrations/2022-10-10-082606_create_posts/up.sql
檔。
1 2 3 4 5 6 CREATE TABLE posts ( id SERIAL PRIMARY KEY, title VARCHAR (255 ) NOT NULL , body TEXT NOT NULL , published BOOLEAN NOT NULL DEFAULT FALSE )
修改 migrations/2022-10-10-082606_create_posts/down.sql
檔。
執行遷移。
如果要回滾,可以執行以下指令。
建立連線 新增 src/lib.rs
檔。
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 use diesel::pg::PgConnection;use diesel::prelude::*;use dotenvy::dotenv;use std::env;pub mod models;pub mod schema;pub fn establish_connection () -> PgConnection { dotenv ().ok (); let database_url = env::var ("DATABASE_URL" ).expect ("DATABASE_URL must be set" ); PgConnection::establish (&database_url) .unwrap_or_else (|_| panic! ("Error connecting to {}" , database_url)) }
存取資料 讀取文章 新增 src/models.rs
檔。
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 use diesel::prelude::*;#[derive(Queryable)] pub struct Post { pub id: i32 , pub title: String , pub body: String , pub published: bool , }
修改 src/lib.rs
檔。
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 use self::models::{NewPost, Post};use diesel::pg::PgConnection;use diesel::prelude::*;use dotenvy::dotenv;use std::env;pub fn load_posts (conn: &mut PgConnection) -> Vec <Post> { use self::schema::posts::dsl::{posts, published}; posts .filter (published.eq (true )) .limit (5 ) .load::<Post>(conn) .expect ("Error loading posts" ) }
新增 src/bin/show_posts.rs
檔。
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 use diesel_example::*;fn main () { let connection = &mut establish_connection (); let results = load_posts (connection); println! ("Displaying {} posts" , results.len ()); for post in results { println! ("{}" , post.title); println! ("===\n" ); println! ("{}" , post.body); } }
執行程式。
1 cargo run --bin show_posts
新增文章 修改 src/models.rs
檔。
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 use diesel::prelude::*;use crate::schema::posts;#[derive(Queryable)] pub struct Post { pub id: i32 , pub title: String , pub body: String , pub published: bool , } #[derive(Insertable)] #[diesel(table_name = posts)] pub struct NewPost <'a > { pub title: &'a str , pub body: &'a str , }
修改 src/lib.rs
檔。
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 use self::models::{NewPost, Post};use diesel::pg::PgConnection;use diesel::prelude::*;use dotenvy::dotenv;use std::env;pub fn create_post (conn: &mut PgConnection, title: &str , body: &str ) -> Post { use crate::schema::posts; let new_post = NewPost { title, body }; diesel::insert_into (posts::table) .values (&new_post) .get_result (conn) .expect ("Error creating post" ) }
新增 src/bin/create_post.rs
檔。
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 use diesel_example::*;use std::io::{stdin, Read};fn main () { let connection = &mut establish_connection (); let mut title = String ::new (); let mut body = String ::new (); println! ("What would you like your title to be?" ); stdin ().read_line (&mut title).unwrap (); let title = title.trim_end (); println! ( "\nOk! Let's write {} (Press {} when finished)\n" , title, EOF ); stdin ().read_to_string (&mut body).unwrap (); let post = create_post (connection, title, &body); println! ("\nSaved draft {} with id {}" , title, post.id); } #[cfg(not(windows))] const EOF: &str = "CTRL+D" ;#[cfg(windows)] const EOF: &str = "CTRL+Z" ;
執行程式。
1 cargo run --bin create_post
發表文章 修改 src/lib.rs
檔。
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 use self::models::{NewPost, Post};use diesel::pg::PgConnection;use diesel::prelude::*;use dotenvy::dotenv;use std::env;pub fn publish_post (conn: &mut PgConnection, id: &i32 ) -> Post { use self::schema::posts::dsl::{posts, published}; diesel::update (posts.find (id)) .set (published.eq (true )) .get_result::<Post>(conn) .expect ("Error updating post" ) }
新增 src/bin/publish_post.rs
檔。
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 use diesel_example::*;use std::env::args;fn main () { let id = args () .nth (1 ) .expect ("publish_post requires a post id" ) .parse::<i32 >() .expect ("Invalid ID" ); let connection = &mut establish_connection (); let post = publish_post (connection, &id); println! ("Published post {}" , post.title); }
執行程式。
1 cargo run --bin publish_post 1
查看文章列表。
1 cargo run --bin show_posts
刪除文章 修改 src/lib.rs
檔。
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 use self::models::{NewPost, Post};use diesel::pg::PgConnection;use diesel::prelude::*;use dotenvy::dotenv;use std::env;pub fn delete_post (conn: &mut PgConnection, id: &i32 ) -> usize { use self::schema::posts::dsl::posts; diesel::delete (posts.find (id)) .execute (conn) .expect ("Error deleting post" ) }
新增 src/bin/delete_post.rs
檔。
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 use diesel_example::*;use std::env::args;fn main () { let id = args () .nth (1 ) .expect ("delete_post requires a post id" ) .parse::<i32 >() .expect ("Invalid ID" ); let connection = &mut establish_connection (); let num_deleted = delete_post (connection, &id); println! ("Deleted {} posts" , num_deleted); }
執行程式。
1 cargo run --bin delete_post 1
查看文章列表。
1 cargo run --bin show_posts
程式碼
參考資料